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The Lady of Shalott by John William Waterhouse was inspired by the poem of the same name by Alfred, Lord Tennyson and warns women about the dangers of stepping out of their societal roles.
The story of the Lady of Shalott is as follows and no, it has nothing to do with onions. The Lady of Shalott is under some strange curse that makes it so that she has to view the world through the reflection of a mirror and weave what she sees into a tapestry. She doesn’t know what would happen to her if she looked directly at something but she’s warned that it’s not good. Also she’s in this old castle on an island, because why not? One day Lancelot rolls through and like the regulation hottie that he is, catches the Lady of Shalott’s eye – her real eye, not the reflected eye – and all hell breaks loose. She makes a run for it, finds a boat, writes her name on that boat, and sends out to Camelot, where all the people are. When she gets there she is already dead, but Lancelot looks at her corpse and thinks that she’s kinda hot. Okay, he said she has a lovely face, but what’s the difference? The end.
So the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was super into Tennyson’s poetry. They thought he was really great. Waterhouse especially loved him to the point that he “owned a copy of Tennyson’s collected works, and covered every blank page with pencil sketches for paintings.” And out of those sketches came this painting. He may also have been inspired by John Everett Millais' earlier work Ophelia, which similarly features a lone maiden drifting down a river and which he would have seen at a retrospective at London's Grosvenor Gallery in 1886. It has also been speculated that the roundels on the tapestry seen in her boat were inspired by the an illustration of the Lady of Shalott that William Holman Hunt made for the Moxon edition of Tennyson, which Hunt later transformed into a final masterpiece. In Waterhouse's version, we see the Lady of Shalott, who was modeled after the artist’s wife, in the boat trying to escape even though she is surely going to die. How do we know that? Because two of the three candles (often symbols of life) at the front of her boat have blown out and she is staring at the crucifix at the front of the boat. All signs point to her being deadsies. The message here is that if a woman is to assert her sexuality and lust after a man, she will literally die. Nice try, Waterhouse, but we aren’t falling for that one.
Sources
- Forward, Stephanie. "An Introduction To ‘The Lady Of Shalott’." The British Library. 2014. Accessed October 2, 2018. https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/an-introduction-to-…
- Riggs, Terry. "‘The Lady Of Shalott’, John William Waterhouse, 1888 | Tate." Tate.1998. Accessed October 2, 2018. https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/waterhouse-the-lady-of-shalott-n01…
- Tennyson, Alfred. "The Lady Of Shalott (1832) By Alfred, Lord Tennyson." Poetry Foundation. 1832. Accessed October 2, 2018. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45359/the-lady-of-shalott-1832
- Portuguis, Chloe. "Waterhouse, The Lady of Shalott." Khan Academy. Accessed November 6, 2018. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/becoming-modern/victorian-art-ar…
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The following is the poem "The Lady of Shalott" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. This version was published in 1842:
Part I
On either side the river lie
Long fields of barley and of rye,
That clothe the wold and meet the sky;
And thro' the field the road runs by
To many-tower'd Camelot;
The yellow-leaved waterlily
The green-sheathed daffodilly
Tremble in the water chilly
Round about Shalott.
Willows whiten, aspens shiver.
The sunbeam showers break and quiver
In the stream that runneth ever
By the island in the river
Flowing down to Camelot.
Four gray walls, and four gray towers
Overlook a space of flowers,
And the silent isle imbowers
The Lady of Shalott.
Underneath the bearded barley,
The reaper, reaping late and early,
Hears her ever chanting cheerly,
Like an angel, singing clearly,
O'er the stream of Camelot.
Piling the sheaves in furrows airy,
Beneath the moon, the reaper weary
Listening whispers, ' 'Tis the fairy,
Lady of Shalott.'
The little isle is all inrail'd
With a rose-fence, and overtrail'd
With roses: by the marge unhail'd
The shallop flitteth silken sail'd,
Skimming down to Camelot.
A pearl garland winds her head:
She leaneth on a velvet bed,
Full royally apparelled,
The Lady of Shalott.
Part II
No time hath she to sport and play:
A charmed web she weaves alway.
A curse is on her, if she stay
Her weaving, either night or day,
To look down to Camelot.
She knows not what the curse may be;
Therefore she weaveth steadily,
Therefore no other care hath she,
The Lady of Shalott.
She lives with little joy or fear.
Over the water, running near,
The sheepbell tinkles in her ear.
Before her hangs a mirror clear,
Reflecting tower'd Camelot.
And as the mazy web she whirls,
She sees the surly village churls,
And the red cloaks of market girls
Pass onward from Shalott.
Sometimes a troop of damsels glad,
An abbot on an ambling pad,
Sometimes a curly shepherd lad,
Or long-hair'd page in crimson clad,
Goes by to tower'd Camelot:
And sometimes thro' the mirror blue
The knights come riding two and two:
She hath no loyal knight and true,
The Lady of Shalott.
But in her web she still delights
To weave the mirror's magic sights,
For often thro' the silent nights
A funeral, with plumes and lights
And music, came from Camelot:
Or when the moon was overhead
Came two young lovers lately wed;
'I am half sick of shadows,' said
The Lady of Shalott.
Part III
A bow-shot from her bower-eaves,
He rode between the barley-sheaves,
The sun came dazzling thro' the leaves,
And flam'd upon the brazen greaves
Of bold Sir Lancelot.
A red-cross knight for ever kneel'd
To a lady in his shield,
That sparkled on the yellow field,
Beside remote Shalott.
The gemmy bridle glitter'd free,
Like to some branch of stars we see
Hung in the golden Galaxy.
The bridle bells rang merrily
As he rode down from Camelot:
And from his blazon'd baldric slung
A mighty silver bugle hung,
And as he rode his armour rung,
Beside remote Shalott.
All in the blue unclouded weather
Thick-jewell'd shone the saddle-leather,
The helmet and the helmet-feather
Burn'd like one burning flame together,
As he rode down from Camelot.
As often thro' the purple night,
Below the starry clusters bright,
Some bearded meteor, trailing light,
Moves over green Shalott.
His broad clear brow in sunlight glow'd;
On burnish'd hooves his war-horse trode;
From underneath his helmet flow'd
His coal-black curls as on he rode,
As he rode down from Camelot.
From the bank and from the river
He flash'd into the crystal mirror,
'Tirra lirra, tirra lirra:'
Sang Sir Lancelot.
She left the web, she left the loom
She made three paces thro' the room
She saw the water-flower bloom,
She saw the helmet and the plume,
She look'd down to Camelot.
Out flew the web and floated wide;
The mirror crack'd from side to side;
'The curse is come upon me,' cried
The Lady of Shalott.
Part IV
In the stormy east-wind straining,
The pale yellow woods were waning,
The broad stream in his banks complaining,
Heavily the low sky raining
Over tower'd Camelot;
Outside the isle a shallow boat
Beneath a willow lay afloat,
Below the carven stern she wrote,
The Lady of Shalott.
A cloudwhite crown of pearl she dight,
All raimented in snowy white
That loosely flew (her zone in sight
Clasp'd with one blinding diamond bright)
Her wide eyes fix'd on Camelot,
Though the squally east-wind keenly
Blew, with folded arms serenely
By the water stood the queenly
Lady of Shalott.
With a steady stony glance—
Like some bold seer in a trance,
Beholding all his own mischance,
Mute, with a glassy countenance—
She look'd down to Camelot.
It was the closing of the day:
She loos'd the chain, and down she lay;
The broad stream bore her far away,
The Lady of Shalott.
As when to sailors while they roam,
By creeks and outfalls far from home,
Rising and dropping with the foam,
From dying swans wild warblings come,
Blown shoreward; so to Camelot
Still as the boathead wound along
The willowy hills and fields among,
They heard her chanting her deathsong,
The Lady of Shalott.
A longdrawn carol, mournful, holy,
She chanted loudly, chanted lowly,
Till her eyes were darken'd wholly,
And her smooth face sharpen'd slowly,
Turn'd to tower'd Camelot:
For ere she reach'd upon the tide
The first house by the water-side,
Singing in her song she died,
The Lady of Shalott.
Under tower and balcony,
By garden wall and gallery,
A pale, pale corpse she floated by,
Deadcold, between the houses high,
Dead into tower'd Camelot.
Knight and burgher, lord and dame,
To the planked wharfage came:
Below the stern they read her name,
The Lady of Shalott.
They cross'd themselves, their stars they blest,
Knight, minstrel, abbot, squire, and guest.
There lay a parchment on her breast,
That puzzled more than all the rest,
The wellfed wits at Camelot.
'The web was woven curiously,
The charm is broken utterly,
Draw near and fear not,—this is I,
The Lady of Shalott.'
Sources
- Alfred, Lord Tennyson. "The Lady of Shalott." https://d.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/text/tennyson-shalott-comparison. Accessed March 20, 2019.
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Here is what Wikipedia says about The Lady of Shalott (painting)
The Lady of Shalott is a painting of 1888 by the English painter John William Waterhouse. It is a representation of the ending of Alfred, Lord Tennyson's 1832 poem of the same name. Waterhouse painted three versions of this character, in 1888, 1894 and 1915. It is one of his most famous works, which adopted much of the style of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, though Waterhouse was painting several decades after the Brotherhood split up during his early childhood.
The Lady of Shalott was donated to the public by Sir Henry Tate in 1894 and is usually on display in Tate Britain, London, in room 1840.
Check out the full Wikipedia article about The Lady of Shalott (painting)
This painting is one of the most loved paintings in the world. Particularly amongst women. Why? I'm none the wiser after reading this, so those women are obviously not worth listening to. Apart from the fact that there is no historical context in this review it misunderstands both Waterhouse and Tennyson. A failure to engage in anything beyond a jokey #MeToo spin.